Due to the penetration of air into the bulb.
The filament of an incandescent lamp heats up to a temperature of about 2000 °C. Under such conditions, it quickly oxidizes and loses its strength. That is why air is pumped out of the bulbs.
However, if a small crack forms in the bulb, allowing air to enter, when the lamp is turned on, the air heats up rapidly. This leads to an increase in pressure, which can cause the bulb to break.
At the same moment, the filament, which is now in an air environment, burns out.
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