A 30-year data analysis conducted by marine biologist Carl Meyer confirms the existence of the so-called "shark October" in Hawaii. This refers to a seasonal spike in unprovoked bites directly linked to the reproductive cycle of tiger sharks.
In October, this species accounts for at least 63% of reported cases, as during this period, large mature females migrate to the main Hawaiian Islands to give birth to pups. This significantly increases the concentration of large predators in coastal waters, which are actively used by people for surfing and swimming.
A key risk factor is not the protection of offspring—newborn pups are independent—but the physiological need of females to actively replenish energy after the exhausting 15–16 month pregnancy process. This can lead to increased feeding activity.
Although a pronounced seasonal peak is characteristic of tiger sharks in Hawaii, similar patterns related to breeding periods are observed in other large coastal species around the world. For example, bull sharks off the coast of Australia also see a rise in incidents coinciding with favorable ecological conditions and high human activity.
Despite the identified seasonality, the overall risk of a bite remains statistically extremely low. Nevertheless, the study emphasizes the importance of awareness and additional caution in October when engaging in water sports in this region.
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