If the trees are in a neglected state, there is no need to strive to immediately turn them into perfect specimens.
In this situation, it is important to pay attention to improving the light regime, which can be achieved through moderate thinning and limiting the size of the plants in height and width.
If the trees are young, actively growing, and fruiting, or if they are old, pruning should begin with height limitation. For this, at a height of 1.5–1.8 m from the ground, the central leader is removed, and if there is none, then 2–3 branches that occupy its place. The cut is made above a sufficiently strong branch directed towards the edge of the crown.
After removing the cut branches, it will become clear that not many additional manipulations are required. Mainly, this will involve thinning at the periphery in places of significant branch thickening. Here, it is also necessary to find 1–2 large branches and cut them to the ring or prune them back to a strong branch. With good or moderate growth (shoot length – 20–30 cm), more detailed pruning will not be necessary. In the first year, this can be sufficient.
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