Only some of them.
Adsorption-type filters usually use carbon powder; however, some microorganisms and viruses can pass between its particles. Bacteria trapped in the sorbent are not destroyed but accumulate, which can lead to their washing out by the stream from the tap and entering the already purified water.
Filters with bactericidal components, for example, those containing silver compounds, can destroy microbes but not viruses.
Reverse osmosis filters are also reliable. In them, water passes through membranes with nanosized pores that do not allow microorganisms and viruses to pass through.
