Human skin contains between 2 to 5 million sweat glands that secrete fluid containing salts, proteins, and other substances. Normally, an adult loses about 400–600 ml of sweat per day, which helps cool the body and maintain skin hydration.
The work of sweat glands is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and adrenal hormones, so sweating cannot be consciously controlled.
At night, most body processes slow down, including the function of sweat glands. However, sometimes night sweating — hyperhidrosis — can be a signal of health problems.
Main Causes of Night Sweating
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Menopause in Women
After the age of 45–50, estrogen production decreases, leading to hot flashes and sweating, especially at night. If menopause symptoms appear, it is advisable to consult a gynecologist.
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Bad Habits
- Smoking stimulates sweat glands through acetylcholine.
- Alcohol disrupts thermoregulation and hormonal balance, causing shallow sleep and night sweats. It is recommended to avoid smoking and alcohol consumption before bedtime.
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Endocrine Diseases
Hyperhidrosis may be associated with:
- hyperthyroidism,
- diabetes,
- pheochromocytoma,
- acromegaly. A consultation with a therapist and hormone tests can help identify the problem.
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Sleep Apnea Syndrome
During brief pauses in breathing during sleep, excessive sweating occurs. Additional signs include loud snoring, morning headaches, and weakness. Medical examination is required.
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Infectious Diseases
Night sweating may signal hidden infections, such as viral or bacterial diseases, as well as malaria after traveling to tropical regions. If there is a fever, a consultation with a therapist is necessary.
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Side Effects of Medications
Sweating can occur with the use of antidepressants, beta-blockers, insulin, and other medications. If symptoms appear, it is advisable to discuss a change or adjustment of dosage with a doctor.
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Oncological Diseases
Leukemia, lymphomas, and other tumors may manifest as night sweats, weakness, weight loss, and swollen lymph nodes. Early diagnosis increases the effectiveness of treatment.
Conclusion
Night sweating can be a normal reaction to a hot room or food, as well as a sign of a serious illness. If sweating recurs regularly and is accompanied by weakness, fever, or weight loss, it is necessary to consult a doctor for examination.
