Does a common painkiller protect against cancer? 0 8

Ibuprofen belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Scientists have previously found a link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer prevention. Research from 1983 indicated that sulindac, similar to ibuprofen, reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer in some patients. As noted in an article published on The Conversation, since then researchers have studied how these drugs may help prevent or slow down other types of cancer.

According to a 2025 study, ibuprofen may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer—a common type of uterine cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is primarily detected in women after menopause.

Researchers analyzed data from studies involving more than 42,000 women aged 55 to 74 over 12 years. Women who reported taking at least 30 ibuprofen tablets per month had a 25% lower risk of developing endometrial cancer compared to women who took fewer than four tablets per month. The protective effect was most pronounced in women with cardiovascular diseases.

Ibuprofen is associated not only with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. According to studies, the drug also affects the risk of cancers of the bowel, breast, lungs, and prostate. For example, in individuals who had a history of bowel cancer, taking ibuprofen reduced the likelihood of recurrence.

Inflammation is a hallmark of oncology, and ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory agent. The drug blocks the activity of the COX-2 enzyme and reduces the production of prostaglandins, which promote inflammation and cell growth, including cancer cells. Lowering prostaglandin levels may slow down or stop tumor development.

Ibuprofen likely also affects genes associated with cancer—HIF-1α, NFκB, and STAT3. These genes help tumor cells survive in low-oxygen conditions and resist treatment. It is presumed that ibuprofen reduces the activity of these genes, making cancer cells more vulnerable. Additionally, it appears that the drug makes cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.

Despite the research, experts warn against self-medicating with ibuprofen for cancer prevention. Excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lead to stomach ulcers, intestinal bleeding, and kidney damage.