A protruding bunion at the base of the big toe is a problem familiar to millions of people, especially women. Hallux valgus not only spoils the appearance of the foot but can also cause pain, inflammation, and difficulties in choosing footwear.
Together with kinesiologist Nadezhda Romashova, we explore which methods help slow the progression of the disease without surgical intervention.
What is Hallux Valgus Deformity
Hallux valgus is an orthopedic condition in which the big toe gradually deviates towards the other toes, and a characteristic protruding "bunion" appears at the joint.
As the pathology progresses, the function of the muscles and ligaments of the foot is disrupted, flatfoot often develops or worsens, and the load while walking begins to be distributed incorrectly.
Why Does a Bunion Appear
The main cause of hallux valgus deformity is considered to be the weakening of the muscle-ligament apparatus of the foot. The problem can be provoked by:
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transverse flatfoot;
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wearing uncomfortable shoes;
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hereditary predisposition;
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excess weight;
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osteoporosis, arthrosis, endocrine diseases;
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rheumatoid arthritis and gout;
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excessive physical loads and injuries.
As kinesiologist Nadezhda Romashova explains, one of the most common causes is the flattening of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot. This can occur due to frequent wearing of high-heeled shoes (over 5 centimeters) or shoes with thin flat soles. Additional risk factors include postural disorders and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system.
When is Surgery Needed
In cases of pronounced deformity, constant pain, and serious difficulties with wearing shoes, a doctor may recommend surgical treatment — osteotomy.
However, in the early stages and with moderate changes, conservative methods are often used to reduce discomfort and slow the progression of the disease.
Five Ways to Help Your Feet Without Surgery
1. Orthopedic Insoles
Custom-made orthopedic insoles help distribute the load on the foot correctly and relieve its forefoot.
To select them, an orthopedic traumatologist conducts an examination and scanning of the feet, after which insoles are made taking into account the specific features of the patient.
2. Interdigital Spacers and Braces
Special fixators help keep the big toe in the correct position and prevent further curvature.
It is especially effective to use such orthoses and braces at night when the muscles are maximally relaxed.
3. Properly Selected Footwear
One of the most important stages of treatment is to avoid tight shoes with a narrow toe and high heels.
Preference should be given to models with a wide toe and a stable sole. At the same time, completely flat shoes are also not the best choice, as they can contribute to the development of flatfoot and exacerbate the deformity.
4. Therapeutic Socks
Modern therapeutic socks look almost the same as regular ones, but they help maintain the foot in an anatomically correct position.
Such products promote a more correct position of the big toe and can be used as an additional means of correction.
5. Physiotherapy and Therapeutic Exercise
Massage, physiotherapy procedures, and special exercises help strengthen the muscles and ligaments of the foot, improve its mobility, and reduce inflammation.
It is important to understand that therapeutic exercise cannot eliminate an already formed deformity, but it helps slow the progression of the disease and improve the overall condition of the feet.
Why It’s Important Not to Delay Treatment
According to Nadezhda Romashova, when the first signs of hallux valgus deformity appear, it is important to consult a specialist as soon as possible.
Without treatment, the disease can lead to the development of additional problems, including heel spurs, progressive flatfoot, and even shortening of the Achilles tendon.
It is important to remember that the choice of treatment method should always be made by a doctor after examination. Self-treatment can not only be ineffective but also lead to a worsening of the condition.
Hallux valgus develops gradually, so the sooner correction begins, the greater the chances of preserving foot health and avoiding surgery. Proper footwear, orthopedic devices, and regular therapeutic exercise can significantly slow the progression of the disease and improve quality of life.
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