Ultra-long-distance runs accelerate the destruction of erythrocytes.
Ultra-long-distance runs may accelerate the 'aging' and destruction of erythrocytes — the blood cells responsible for oxygen transport, scientists have found. The study was published in the journal Blood Red Cells & Iron (BRCI).
Researchers analyzed the blood of 23 athletes before and immediately after participating in races of 40 and 171 kilometers. Using molecular analysis, they assessed thousands of proteins, lipids, and metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes. It turned out that after the runs, blood cells become less flexible, which means they pass through small vessels less effectively and potentially transport oxygen and nutrients less efficiently.
The scientists identified two key mechanisms of damage. The first is mechanical: during prolonged running, erythrocytes experience increased stress due to pressure fluctuations and constant circulation. The second is molecular: against a backdrop of inflammation and oxidative stress, changes accumulate in the cells that accelerate their destruction. These processes were observed after just 40 kilometers and intensified in participants of the 171-kilometer distance.
The authors emphasize that it is still unclear how quickly the body recovers damaged cells and whether there are long-term consequences. However, the findings add to the growing body of research indicating that extreme forms of physical exertion may have not only benefits but also hidden physiological costs.
