Despite the common misconception, the terms “castration” and “sterilization” are not dependent on the animal's sex. They are different types of surgical interventions aimed at preventing unwanted reproduction, explained veterinarian Nina Semuseva.
“Castration and sterilization can be performed on both female and male cats. In both cases, they lose the ability to reproduce,” the veterinarian clarified.
Nina Semuseva noted that sterilization is a surgical procedure aimed at creating a barrier to the movement of cells involved in conception.
“In female cats, the fallopian tubes are tied, while in male cats, the spermatic cords are cut, which prevents the release of sperm. The reproductive organs are not affected and continue to function normally. Since the hormonal background remains unchanged, sterilized female cats retain all instincts and the ability to mate, but pregnancy, of course, does not occur,” the specialist explained.
Castration, on the other hand, involves the removal of reproductive organs: the uterus and ovaries in female cats, as well as the testicles in male cats.
Nina Semuseva added that sterilization or castration can be performed from six months of age. “At this age, the animal reaches physiological maturity, but the habit of marking its territory has not yet formed,” she explained. It is not recommended to perform the operation on cats older than 10 years. “This is due to the increased risk associated with anesthesia,” the veterinarian noted.
Before the operation, animals predisposed to heart diseases, such as Scottish or British breeds, are recommended to undergo additional diagnostics (X-ray and ultrasound, ECG) and consult a cardiologist.
As an alternative to surgical intervention, hormonal veterinary medications can be used. However, in this case, the owner must strictly follow the instructions for use and the treatment course. “Otherwise, serious consequences may arise: polycystic ovaries, purulent inflammation of the uterus, oncological diseases,” Nina Semuseva added. She advised cat owners to consult a veterinarian before starting such medications.
