Many believe that the hardest types of wood are oak or hickory. However, other species surpass them on the Janka scale, possessing even greater strength and density.
The Janka scale measures the force required to embed a steel ball halfway into wood, allowing for an objective assessment of the material's hardness.
One of the world record holders is ironwood, or "bakuut." Its density reaches 1.4 g/cm³, and its hardness is about 20,000 newtons, significantly exceeding the figures of common species. This material is exceptionally wear-resistant, resistant to decay and pests, and is used where extreme loads are required, such as in bridge construction.
Another champion is the wood of the bullock tree, which grows in Australia. It has a dense structure and hardness of up to 16,740 newtons on the Janka scale. Due to these qualities, bullock wood is popular in the production of elite flooring, furniture, and knife handles.
Latterhout, or "snake wood," from the tropical forests of South America, is also not inferior. Its hardness is about 15,580 newtons, and its unique texture resembles snake skin. Latterhout is valued for its wear resistance and durability.
In Europe, hornbeam holds a special place with a density of 800–830 kg/m³ and hardness of 4,200–4,500 newtons. It is widely used for flooring and tool handles. Acacia and ash also have high hardness ratings—up to 4,800 newtons. Oak, despite the competition, remains a symbol of reliability and strength.
