With the arrival of summer, debates about sunscreens flare up again. Some consider SPF an essential part of skincare, while others believe that chemical filters are more harmful than the sun itself. Oncologist Yulia Shevchenko explained why modern scientific data suggests otherwise and what the real dangers of sunburns are.
Why the Sun Can Be Dangerous
Ultraviolet radiation damages skin cells at the DNA level. Moreover, different types of rays act differently.
UVB rays cause direct DNA damage to skin cells, provoking mutations. UVA rays contribute to the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, trigger chronic inflammation, and weaken local immune defense.
Normally, the body is capable of destroying damaged cells. However, under the influence of ultraviolet light, this mechanism can be disrupted. As a result, cells begin to divide uncontrollably, increasing the risk of developing skin cancers.
"Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, mutations occur in the genes responsible for controlling cell growth. That is why prolonged sun exposure without protection is considered one of the main risk factors for skin cancer," explains oncologist Yulia Shevchenko.
According to the specialist, prolonged accumulation of sun exposure is more often associated with the development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. And for melanoma—the most aggressive form of skin cancer—severe sunburns are particularly dangerous.
Is It True That Sunscreens Cause Cancer?
The myth that SPF products themselves can provoke oncological diseases periodically appears on social media and various forums. However, modern scientific data does not support this.
According to the doctor, regular use of sunscreen reduces the risk of developing melanoma by about 50%, and squamous cell carcinoma by 40%.
"Skin cancer develops due to excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, not due to the use of sunscreen. The benefits of sun protection far outweigh any hypothetical risks," emphasizes the specialist.
Which Components Raise Questions Among Scientists
Some chemical filters are indeed still being studied.
Among them:
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Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3);
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Octocrylene;
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Homosalate.
Research shows that these substances can penetrate the bloodstream and potentially affect the hormonal system. However, to date, no major international regulator has deemed them dangerous to humans when used as directed in sunscreens.
For those who prefer a more cautious approach, specialists recommend choosing products with physical filters:
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Zinc oxide;
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Titanium dioxide.
They remain on the surface of the skin and are considered among the safest components for UV protection.
Is One Severe Sunburn Dangerous?
Many believe that serious consequences arise only after years of sun exposure. However, doctors warn that even one severe sunburn can significantly increase the risk of developing melanoma in the future.
According to studies, the risk of melanoma approximately doubles in individuals who have experienced a severe sunburn with noticeable redness or blistering at least once in their lifetime.
If such episodes have occurred several times, the likelihood of developing a dangerous tumor increases even more.
Sunscreen Is Not the Only Protection
Specialists remind us that sunscreen is just one part of a comprehensive protection strategy against ultraviolet light.
To reduce risk, it is recommended to:
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Use SPF daily;
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Wear hats;
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Choose lightweight, closed clothing;
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Stay in the shade during peak sun hours;
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Avoid sunburns and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
Modern scientific data does not support the idea that sunscreens are more dangerous than the sun itself. On the contrary, regular use of SPF products helps significantly reduce the risk of developing skin cancer. The most serious threat comes from sunburns and uncontrolled exposure to ultraviolet light, so sun protection should remain an important part of daily health care.
