"My leg cramped" — this is how cramps are usually described, which can happen to people of any age and is accompanied by pain and rapid muscle contraction.
Leg cramps are not just an unpleasant sensation. They are a signal that can indicate various problems in the body. Why do they occur specifically at night? Elena Simonova, a neurologist at the Moscow clinic, discussed seven main causes of cramps in the calves and how to deal with them.
Leg Cramps: What Are They
These are involuntary muscle contractions that cause painful sensations. Most often, this occurs in the calves. Episodes can occur in people of any age. Night cramps usually lead to unexpected and unpleasant awakenings. If they happen frequently, they can cause sleep disturbances.
Cramps can be related to both ordinary fatigue and serious illnesses. As practice shows, they most often appear at night. It is important to understand that there are many causes that can trigger cramps.
1. Excessive Load
Perhaps this is one of the most common causes of cramps. This can happen during intense workouts or physical activity. Symptoms arise due to muscle fatigue, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance (potassium, magnesium, calcium), as well as due to impaired neuromuscular control.
Intense or unfamiliar loads lead to exhaustion, loss of fluids and minerals through sweat, which results in muscle spasms. With excessive load, metabolic products accumulate in the muscles, leading to spasms.
To avoid cramps, it is important to plan workouts properly. Do not forget to warm up before exercising and cool down afterward. It is also worth monitoring the intensity level and not overloading yourself, especially if you are just starting to exercise.
2. Hypothermia
Cold is another reason why cramps may occur. When the ambient temperature is low, muscles can spasm in response to hypothermia. This is related to slowed blood circulation, and the muscles receive less oxygen.
To avoid cramps, try not to stay in drafts and dress warmly in cold weather. If you notice that cramps occur after spending a long time outdoors in cold weather, pay attention to warm clothing and active movements.
3. Dehydration
This is another reason that contributes to the occurrence of cramps. When the body lacks fluids, the electrolyte balance is disrupted, which can lead to spasms. This is especially relevant for people who engage in sports or work in hot conditions.
The solution is simple — maintain a proper drinking regimen. It is recommended to drink water not only during but also after physical activity. Do not forget that some drinks, such as coffee or alcohol, can contribute to dehydration.
4. Mineral Deficiency
A lack of minerals such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium can also be a cause of cramps. These elements play an important role in muscle function. When they are deficient, muscles can contract involuntarily, causing pain.
To avoid cramps, monitor your diet. Include foods rich in minerals: bananas, nuts, dairy products, and green vegetables. If you suspect that you have a deficiency, consult a doctor for testing and possible dietary adjustments. After consulting a doctor, the use of tablet forms may be recommended.
5. Flat Feet
This is a condition in which the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot drop. This can lead to improper load distribution on the legs and cause cramps. With flat feet, the muscles and ligaments experience additional tension, which can lead to spasms.
If you notice that cramps occur frequently, it is worth consulting an orthopedist. Special insoles and exercises can help improve foot condition and reduce the risk of cramps.
6. Nervous System Diseases
Some diseases of the nervous system can cause cramps in the legs. This is because the nerve endings responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles receive incorrect signals. In neuropathies or multiple sclerosis, involuntary contractions may occur.
If cramps persist for a long time and it is difficult to trace cause-and-effect relationships, a consultation with a neurologist is necessary. After examination, appropriate treatment will be suggested.
7. Varicose Disease
This is a condition in which veins lose their elasticity and expand. This can lead to blood stagnation and cause cramps. The veins cannot perform their function properly, leading to unpleasant sensations in the legs.
If you are predisposed to varicose veins, monitor your lifestyle. Regular physical activity, proper nutrition, and weight control can help reduce the risk of cramps. It is important to regularly visit a doctor and undergo screening examinations. Varicose veins are a serious condition that can lead to severe complications.
Leg cramps are a common problem that can arise for various reasons. It is important to pay attention to your health and not ignore the signals from your body. If cramps become frequent and painful, it is advisable to consult a doctor to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
