Each of us is familiar with the feeling of relief when a pill for a headache or stomachache starts to work. But how does the medication know what exactly needs to be treated?
Sometimes a pill can eliminate pain in just a few seconds! How does it achieve this?
First of all, it is important to understand that painkillers come in various types and block different kinds of discomfort. However, none of these medications eliminate the cause of the pain; they merely 'mask' it.
In most cases of pain, we resort to non-narcotic analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When an inflammatory process begins in our body, tissues in the affected area start to produce signaling molecules (pain mediators). Their formation is stimulated by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Analgesics, entering the bloodstream, block COX, thereby stopping the production of pain mediators.
However, sometimes pain can be caused by a spasm of smooth muscle. This is typical for menstrual, renal, or ulcer pain. In such cases, doctors prescribe antispasmodics, which reduce the tone and activity of smooth muscles.
When the pain becomes particularly severe, doctors may prescribe opioid analgesics. These medications are very effective in alleviating pain syndrome but can cause dependence and have numerous side effects. They bind to opioid receptors and slow down the transmission of pain impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.
Before taking any medication, it is advisable to consult your treating physician. It is also important to remember that persistent pain is a serious reason to seek medical attention.
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