Eating spicy food leads to various reactions in the body—from euphoria to stomach upset.
The main culprit behind the burning sensation is the substance capsaicin found in peppers, produced by the plant to protect itself from animals. Capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors, simultaneously causing sensations of pain and heat. In response, the body begins to produce saliva and mucus, which manifests as tears and a kind of runny nose.
Interestingly, birds can eat spicy peppers without any issues, as their receptors differ from those of mammals.
Humans and tree shrews are the only mammals that actively seek the thrill of capsaicin. This is linked to the release of endorphins and dopamine, which create a feeling of pleasure.
Although capsaicin is not toxic, consuming it in large amounts can cause unpleasant symptoms. Capsaicin is even used in pepper spray for self-defense, highlighting the potency of this substance and the need for careful handling.
