Stockholm Syndrome is a psychological phenomenon in which a person who finds themselves taken hostage or in an abusive relationship begins to feel sympathy for and protect their abuser. Understanding this mechanism helps to correctly interpret the behavior of victims and provide them with support.
History of the Term
The name originated after an event in Stockholm in 1973, when a robber took employees of Kreditbanken hostage. Despite their release, the hostages defended the criminals and even raised money for their defense in court. Psychiatrist Nils Bejerot described the phenomenon and attached a geographical name to it.
How the Syndrome Develops
In a situation of complete helplessness, the victim's psyche activates defense mechanisms. Initially, there is gratitude for the slightest displays of "kindness" from the aggressor. Then the process of identification kicks in: the victim sees the criminal as a person with motives and problems. Sometimes, rescuers begin to be perceived as a threat — logic is distorted by extreme circumstances.
Where It Occurs
The phenomenon manifests not only in hostages but also in abusive relationships, domestic violence, cults, sects, and even among victims of human trafficking.
Why It’s Important to Understand
Understanding the syndrome helps to realize that defending the abuser is not a sign of consent or "guilt" of the victim, but a survival mechanism. It is critical for those around to understand this in order not to blame the person and to guide them towards professional help.
How to Help
- Consult a psychotherapist to analyze the situation and work through emotions.
- Create a safe environment for psychological recovery.
- Join support groups to see that there is a way out.
Stockholm Syndrome demonstrates the incredible adaptability of the psyche, but understanding its mechanisms is the first step towards liberation and regaining control over one’s life.
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