The Antarctic endemic, the wingless midge Belgica antarctica, the largest non-terrestrial animal on the continent, attracts the attention of scientists with its unique survival strategies in challenging conditions.
Research by Professor Satoshi Goto from Japan has revealed the two-year life cycle of this creature, which includes two phases of dormancy: a temporary and a mandatory diapause. The former occurs under unfavorable conditions, allowing larvae to suspend development until temperatures improve.
The mandatory diapause, on the other hand, is a pre-planned state of dormancy that occurs regardless of environmental conditions.
Experts found that by the beginning of the first winter in the life of the larvae, they reach the second age and enter a temporary dormancy, while by the second winter, they enter a mandatory diapause. Thus, they postpone their transformation into adults until the next summer. This strategy ensures simultaneous maturation of individuals, increasing the chances of mating.
Professor Goto noted that similar adaptations may also be characteristic of insects in other extreme environments, such as the Arctic and high altitudes.
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