Millions of people around the world take glucosamine to maintain joint health and reduce pain from osteoarthritis. However, a new study by American scientists has shown that this popular supplement may be linked to accelerated cognitive decline in individuals suffering from Alzheimer's disease or showing early signs of dementia.
This conclusion was reached by specialists from the University of Florida. They analyzed medical data from more than 24,000 patients with Alzheimer's disease and over 41,000 individuals with mild cognitive impairment—a condition that often precedes the development of dementia.
The results of the study showed that regular intake of glucosamine is associated with faster disease progression in both groups of patients.
"We found a statistical association between glucosamine intake and cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer's disease and mild memory impairment," the authors of the study noted.
The Risk of Death Was Higher
Particular attention was drawn to mortality data. According to the analysis results, patients with already diagnosed Alzheimer's disease who took glucosamine had a risk of death within five years that was approximately 25% higher compared to those who did not use the supplement.
Additionally, in individuals with early cognitive impairments, the likelihood of progressing to full-blown dementia also increased by about a quarter.
Possible Cause—Accumulation of Sugars in the Brain
Researchers suggest that the explanation may lie in the process of hyperglycosylation—excessive accumulation of specific sugar compounds on the surface of proteins.
In Alzheimer's disease, there is already an increased amount of so-called N-glycans in brain tissues. An excess of these molecules can alter the structure of proteins, disrupting their function and accelerating the death of nerve cells.
"When the level of glycans becomes too high, proteins lose their protective properties, which may contribute to accelerated neuronal damage," the scientists explain.
It Is Too Early to Draw Final Conclusions
The authors of the study emphasize that the discovered link does not prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship. The study was observational and shows only a statistical correlation between glucosamine intake and the deterioration of patients' conditions.
Therefore, specialists urge not to discontinue prescribed treatment on one's own and not to make hasty conclusions until further research is available.
"New clinical trials are necessary to understand whether glucosamine truly affects the development of dementia or if the identified link is explained by other factors," the researchers noted.
Glucosamine remains one of the most popular supplements for joint support; however, new data prompts scientists to study its impact on brain health more closely. Elderly individuals, especially those with memory impairments or a family history of dementia, are advised to discuss the intake of such medications with their doctor and not to self-medicate.
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