The Nipah virus is not just another name from disease news. It is a real threat that can have a serious impact on health.
Family doctor, endocrinologist, and preventive integrative medicine physician Anastasia Samoylova helped clarify what this virus is, how it manifests, what dangers it poses, and, most importantly, how to protect against it.
What is the Nipah Virus
The Nipah virus (NiV) is rare but extremely dangerous; it causes severe diseases in humans and animals. It was first discovered in 1999 in Malaysia, where it caused an outbreak among pigs and humans. Since then, cases of infection have been recorded in various countries, including India and Bangladesh.
Nipah belongs to the family of paramyxoviruses and is transmitted from animals to humans. "You can catch the infection through respiratory droplets or by coming into contact with the tissues of infected animals. The main reservoir of the virus is fruit bats, which can carry it without showing symptoms. Humans can become infected through contact with infected animals or by consuming products contaminated with their excretions," our expert explains.
Symptoms of the Nipah Virus
The virus is dangerous due to its high mortality rate. According to the WHO, the mortality rate ranges from 40% to 75%. Additionally, Nipah causes severe neurological complications that can lead to long-term disability.
The incubation period of the virus is from 4 to 14 days but can vary from 5 to 45 days. The infection in humans manifests in different forms—from asymptomatic to acute respiratory (mild or severe) up to fatal encephalitis.
Initial symptoms of the virus:
— fever,
— headache,
— myalgia (muscle pain),
— vomiting,
— sore throat.
This is comparable to the typical manifestations of other viral infections and complicates early diagnosis.
However, later symptoms may include:
— dizziness,
— drowsiness,
— altered consciousness,
— neurological signs indicating acute encephalitis.
"Some individuals may also develop atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems, including acute respiratory failure. In severe cases, the Nipah virus can lead to the development of encephalitis, seizures, and a comatose state," the doctor adds.
How to Protect Against the Nipah Virus
Since the virus is transmitted from animals to humans, it is important to take precautions:
— avoid contact with bats and their excretions,
— do not consume fruits that may have been contaminated with bat saliva or urine,
— follow personal hygiene rules,
— avoid consuming raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products,
— use personal protective equipment when working with animals or in their habitats.
How to Treat the Nipah Virus
As of today, there is no medication against the virus. Medications can only alleviate symptoms and support the patient's condition. "The Nipah virus requires heightened attention and caution. Following precautions and seeking medical attention promptly when symptoms appear will help reduce the risk of infection and complications," emphasizes the specialist.
